Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a progressive condition that initially manifests as mild gum inflammation called gingivitis. It is a serious concern and the primary cause of tooth loss among adults in developed countries. Periodontal disease can have noticeable symptoms such as red, swollen, painful, or bleeding gums, although it can also develop without apparent signs.

The disease occurs when bacteria present in plaque infect the surrounding tissues of the teeth, leading to irritation and discomfort. Over time, this infection causes the jawbone to recede and the affected tooth to become loose.

There are various reasons why periodontal treatment may become necessary:

• Moderate/advanced gum disease: This condition is characterized by bleeding, swelling, or redness of the gums around most teeth, accompanied by receding jawbone.
• Localized gum recession: Gum disease often starts in a specific area. Gum recession may also result from excessive brushing with a hard-bristle brush or a tooth that is improperly positioned. Immediate treatment is required to prevent further progression.
• Crown lengthening: Prior to certain dental procedures, the periodontist may need to remove surrounding soft tissue to expose more of the tooth’s crown.
• Ridge augmentation: This procedure, referred to as “recontouring,” may be necessary to correct an uneven gum line. However, any bacterial infections and periodontitis must be treated by a periodontist before initiating the treatment.

In cases of mild to moderate periodontal problems, the periodontist focuses on eliminating the underlying bacterial infection and providing guidance on appropriate home cleaning methods.

Deep scaling may be required to remove bacterial plaque and calculus (tartar) from the teeth and surrounding tissues. In advanced stages of periodontal disease with significant jawbone recession, more extensive cleaning may be recommended, and teeth that cannot be saved will need to be extracted.

A periodontist is trained in all aspects of dental implant procedures, which can restore oral functionality when teeth have been affected by periodontitis.

Given the progressive nature of periodontal disease, it is crucial to eliminate bacterial buildup and calculus to prevent the infection from spreading. Your dentist will be happy to offer advice on effective cleaning methods and discuss suitable treatment options.